Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations  
International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

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    The Inventory

    This online version of the Inventory presents, for each measure, the title and a brief description with information on implementing organization(s), start year, objectives, core elements, key outcomes, and, if applicable, lessons learned. It thus allows users to quickly identify those examples that may be of interest to them. A hyperlink to the original submission is provided, which includes additional information, such as on the history and context of the presented measure, challenges encountered, or target groups reached. In this way, users can get a more comprehensive idea of the measure in question and the specific context for which it was developed.
     
    To facilitate navigation, the Inventory is subdivided into eleven categories. Measures or practices that fall under more than one category are listed under each one that applies. Furthermore, information is provided on the type(s) of measures that are typically involved, such as technical, administrative, legal, and/or others, and on the relevant sub-article of Article 9 that is addressed. Additional search options allow searching by country, region, free text and keyword.
     
     
     
     
     
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    Number of records: 234

    116) Application of constitutional and human rights measures by the Supreme Court of Justice of Honduras to declare unconstitutional the Law for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, based on the 1991 Act of the UPOV Convention

    On 17 November 2021, the Supreme Court of Justice of Honduras issued its judgment in the appeal of unconstitutionality against the Legislative Decree No. 21-2012 containing the Law for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants by the National Congress of Honduras on March 12, 2012. In this judgment, the Court applies several constitutional and international law measures that: guarantee the right to life, human dignity, and the right of Honduran men and women to have an adequate standard of living; guarantee the human right to food as the right of people to nutritious, healthy, and culturally adequate food; recognize the obligation of the State of Honduras to conserve an adequate environment to protect the health of its inhabitants; establish the duty of the State of Honduras to protect the native cultures of the country and farmers' rights as constitutionally and internationally recognized. Applying these legal measures, the Court declared Decree No. 21-2012 unconstitutional and, therefore, the Law for the Protection of Plant Varieties. The Court points out that this law "faithfully reflects the guidelines provided by UPOV" and violates farmers' rights as recognized by the ITPGRFA and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas

    Category: 10.Legal measures for the implementation of Farmers’ Rights, such as legislative measures related to PGRFA.

    Type of measure/practice: Legal

    117) The 21st National Olive Festival and Rural Products Exhibition

    The National Olive Festival and Rural products Exhibition is an annual festival organized by the National Agricultural Research Center (NARC), a scientific arm of the Ministry of Agriculture. To contribute to sustainable development goals and in compliance with the provisions of the ratified conventions such as the International Treaty, Article 9, Farmers’ Rights, by providing a marketing platform for smallholder farmers and rural families in the governorates and marginal areas. In 2021, the "21st National Olive Festival & Rural Products Exhibition" featured the various governorates’ olive oil production, including all the other traditional rural products for which it is famous and small economic projects on which rural families depend. The festival witnessed a significant transformation; more than 500 producers, including farmers, rural women, associations, olive mills, field schools from all governorates of Jordan, and some small companies, were present. Several projects within the Agricultural Innovation Incubator of NARC also participated in the festival. The festival was preceded by training courses and lectures for the various governorates, such as e-marketing training and lectures on agricultural topics designed for students from eight public and private universities. The festival also witnessed cultural, artistic, and poetic evenings, including a fashion show on traditional Jordanian costumes.

    Category: 3.Approaches to encourage income-generating activities to support farmers’ conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA

    Type of measure/practice: Technical

    118) Traditional knowledge of the Andean cosmovision

    Between 2001 and 2005, in the framework of the in situ conservation project, the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (INIA), together with several governmental and non-governmental organizations, studied the traditional knowledge of the ‘Andean cosmovision’. Objectives were to identify, describe and document knowledge systems associated to conservation and management of agrobiodiversity, including ancestral knowledge encoded in signs, secrets and rites, or relates to lunar movements or use of indicator plants. The Andean cosmovision comprises two main categories, ‘pacha’ (mother earth) and ‘ayllu’ (people, nature and spirit). Nature is conceived as a living organism; not only humans, animals and plants are perceived as living beings, but also soils, water, rivers, streams, hills, stones, winds, clouds, mists, rains, mountains or forests and all that exists. Bonds of reciprocity exist between all members of the ‘pacha’, which includes protection and mutual care. Farmers conserve and manage native crops relate to this cosmovision, including for example practices to avoid losses caused by natural phenomena, to choose appropriate planting dates or to give thanks to nature. The project documented festivities, rituals and ancestral customary practices relating to agrobiodiversity conservation that continued to be present in everyday life of farming communities.

    Category: 5.In-situ/on farm conservation and management of PGRFA, such as social and cultural measures, community biodiversity management and conservation sites

    Type of measure/practice: Technical; Others

    119) The NARO Genebank Project, Japan

    The Genebank Project of Japan’s National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), which started in 1985, builds on various previous initiatives. Its activities are directed toward conservation, exploration, collection, characterization, evaluation, distribution and documentation of PGRFA, including farmers’ varieties/landraces. The project develops and applies advanced technology to improve genebank operations, e.g. low/ultra-low temperature preservation and reproduction techniques. The Genetic Resources Center continuously develops new cryopreservation techniques for vegetatively propagated plant genetic resources, for which more systematic procedures are needed and/or to which the current techniques are difficult to apply. Such techniques can be shared with researchers of other countries through collaborative research and training. Genetic resources are distributed, together with relevant information, to users for breeding, scientific studies and educational purposes.

    Category: 11.Other measures / practices

    Type of measure/practice: Technical

    120) Resilient seed system for climate change adaptation and sustainable livelihoods

    Since 2018, an initiative of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) has been addressing the unprecedented challenges faced by farmers to deal with changing and variable climates and related crop management problems caused by (new) biotic and abiotic stresses. It builds on previous work of Bioversity International and partners in various countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America and aims to combine and scale, from the local to the global level, successful strategies, methods and tools that increase farmers’ and their communities’ timely availability, affordability and improved access to good-quality seed of a portfolio of crops and crop varieties, including novel ones that are better adapted to climate change. Structured seed legislation is important to guarantee the necessary seed quality to farmers. Core components are: (1) building resilient seed systems, including through seed system characterization, introducing promising crop diversity for climate change, strengthening community seed banks and enterprise development; (2) supportive policies and laws; and (3) national, sub-regional and global networking. Central to the scaling strategy is engagement with the private seed sector and local and national governmental and non-governmental organizations that are well positioned to take up and further develop the tested strategies, methods and tools.

    Category: 9.Training, capacity development and public awareness creation

    Type of measure/practice: Technical; Others